These autoantibodies are called phospholipid or cardiolipin antibodies when they are

detected by immunoassays that employ anionic phospholipids as substrates.The

reference range findings are as follows: Less than 15 immunoglobulin G (IgG) phospholipids

units (GPL): Absent or none detected. Less than 12 immunoglobulin M (IgM) phospholipids

units (MPL): Absent or none detected. Less than 12 immunoglobulin A (IgA) phospholipids

units (APL): Absent or none detected.